I showed up early, stayed late, volunteered for the most difficult tasks. I wasn’t the loudest, or the most outgoing, but I delivered results, quietly and consistently.
But I learned the hard way that in some workplaces, success paints a target on your back.
It started small.
Cold stares. Whispers when I entered the room. Petty remarks about how I “think I’m perfect.” I ignored it. Office jealousy is normal, right?
But then things got serious.
Emails went missing. Reports I submitted were tampered with. One of my team members claimed I insulted her in front of clients, which was a lie. My boss, who used to praise me, started avoiding me. I was left out of important projects. People I trained got promoted while I was pushed to the side.
I couldn’t understand it.
Until one day, a colleague I trusted pulled me aside and whispered:..to read more click here.
When I joined that company, I was fresh from campus and excited about life, and when my boss promoted me to personal assistant after just four months, I thought my hard work had finally paid off. He was charming and respectful and never once crossed the line, and whenever I was overwhelmed, he would check on me and say things like “Janet, you are the reason this office runs.”
It felt good to be noticed.
Then one day he told me he was planning a surprise dinner for his wife’s birthday and needed my help to make it unforgettable. I remember how I smiled and said yes with so much excitement because finally, I felt like I was part of something beyond just emails and schedules. He gave me a list of tasks. I was to book the venue, arrange flowers, choose a cake, even help him write a heartfelt speech.
I did everything with so much energy.
He kept saying, “You are a gift, Janet.” I believed him.
Then things changed slowly.
He started complimenting me too much. Telling me my smile could stop rain. One evening he dropped me home and said he had never met a woman with such a kind soul.
I laughed it off. But my heart started playing tricks on me.
I trusted my sister more than anyone else in this world. She was the one who raised me when our parents died, she gave up her own education just to make sure I went to college, and when my fiancé finally proposed and started planning for our wedding, she was the first person I told. I even said she would be my matron of honour because in my heart, she was more than a sister, she was my second mother.
In the beginning, everything felt fine. She helped me pick my gown, she helped organise the cake tasting, she even came with me to the church to speak to the priest. But along the way, I started feeling something strange.
Each time I talked about my fiancé, she would force a smile that never reached her eyes. When he came to visit, she would disappear from the house without a word. One day, I overheard her on the phone saying, “I cannot allow her to have what I lost.” I thought maybe she was talking about a friend. I chose not to overthink.
But the dreams began.
I started dreaming of myself standing alone in church, dressed in rags, while people laughed and pointed at me. Another night, I dreamt my fiancé was walking away from me while holding hands with a faceless woman in a long black veil. I told my sister about the dreams. She told me I was just stressed.
Then my fiancé, who had never missed a day calling me, suddenly started avoiding me. When I asked what was wrong, he said he was feeling confused, like he was no longer sure if I was the one.
I cried the whole night.
Then something happened that changed everything. Click here to read more.
There are things you see with your own eyes but people convince you they never happened. That is what happened to me that night.
It was around 2.43am. I remember because I checked the clock twice. I had gone to check on the baby. On my way back to bed, I noticed the kitchen light was on.
I tiptoed to check. The kitchen was empty. But I heard soft voices coming from the back room.
That room had been locked since we moved in. My husband said it had rats and we should avoid it.
That night, the door was slightly open.
I peeped.
I saw my husband seated on a stool. Across from him was my brother. The one who had lost his job and moved in with us a month earlier.
They were whispering. Very softly. But the strange part was the object between them. A round black pot with something burning inside. The smoke was thick. But not choking. It was white and curled like a snake.
Then I saw them holding hands. My brother’s eyes were closed. My husband was saying something that sounded like numbers.
I gasped.
They both looked up at once.
I ran back to the bedroom. Click here to read more.
There was silence in the house. The silence was such that you could hear your own heartbeat. It was around three in the morning. I recall the voice because I had just rolled over to see what time it was on my Kabambe phone. Her voice was heard. “Toka, Serah. Kufa usingoje. Unambiguous. Gentle. Joyce was the one.
My sister. Three years ago, we buried that person—the person who had cautioned me against getting married to Patrick. My chest constricted. I was having trouble breathing.
In bed, I sat up. Patrick looked away while snoring. Like someone battling in a dream, his hand was twitching. I wanted to think it was a bad dream. But I knew deep down that it was true. That was not an external voice.
It originated within the walls. within me. Joyce was standing next to the wardrobe, and I could feel her. Even the scent of her old lotion reached me.
I never saw myself as the lady whose husband deserts her in favour of a girl who is old enough to be his daughter.
However, it is precisely what took place. Our marriage lasted fourteen years.
Together, we had created a life, reared children, and even purchased land.
However, that wasn’t sufficient in some way. Late nights were the beginning. Then unexpected workouts. I had never seen cologne before.
I had a gut feeling that something was wrong.
However, I continued to ignore the ideas. Until I saw it one day.
His phone message.
A cute little “Hey sweetie, will you still be at my hostel tonight?” Hostel was the word that sliced through me like a dagger.
My spouse was unfaithful.
For a lady his age, no.
Not with a coworker.
But with a female on campus.
In the guise of business travels, he had been picking her up from her university, smuggling her into hotels, and lavishing her with my hard-earned cash.
Dylan Penn has quietly built a name for herself in both the fashion and film industries, stepping out from the shadow of her famous parents, Sean Penn and Robin Wright.
With a net worth of $4 million, Dylan has earned her fortune through modeling, acting, and carefully chosen projects that highlight her individuality.
From gracing the pages of GQ and Vogue to starring in indie films like Flag Day, she has proven she’s more than just a celebrity kid.
This article takes a closer look at how Dylan Penn built her wealth, her career highlights, and what sets her apart.
Dylan Penn Net Worth
Dylan Penn is an American model and actress with a net worth of $4 million. She is the daughter of actors Sean Penn and Robin Wright. At first, Dylan stayed away from the spotlight. She worked low-profile jobs and tried to make her own way.
Her modeling career took off after she appeared in a buzzworthy GQ editorial. She later landed campaigns with major brands like Gap and Stuart Weitzman.
Dylan eventually moved into acting. She appeared in films like Elvis & Nixon, Flag Day, and other indie movies, proving she’s more than just a famous name.
Early Life
Dylan Frances Penn was born on April 13, 1991, in Los Angeles. Her parents are famous actors Sean Penn and Robin Wright. Her uncles include the late actor Chris Penn and musician Michael Penn. That also makes singer Aimee Mann her aunt through marriage.
Dylan has a younger brother, Hopper Jack, born in 1993. Her father later dated actress Leila George, who is just one year younger than Dylan. Sean and Leila married in 2020 but divorced in 2022. Interestingly, Leila’s father, actor Vincent D’Onofrio, is about the same age as Sean Penn.
In the mid-1990s, Dylan’s family moved from Los Angeles to Marin County. She spent her middle and high school years living in the town of Ross and graduated from Marin Academy.
Despite coming from a famous family, Dylan didn’t rush into Hollywood. She briefly attended the University of Southern California but dropped out. Instead, she worked regular jobs—delivering pizzas, waitressing, and even interning at an ad agency—before stepping into modeling and acting.
Modeling Career
Dylan Penn’s modeling career took off in 2013 after a bold editorial spread in GQ. The photos drew quick attention and made her a rising name in fashion.
She soon appeared in top magazines like W, Elle, Vogue, and Treats!. Her strong features and natural confidence helped her land a major ad campaign for Gap in 2014. She also worked with luxury brand Stuart Weitzman.
Dylan didn’t stop there. She appeared in the music video for Nick Jonas’s hit song “Chains,” boosting her visibility even more.
While her famous last name opened doors, Dylan worked hard to stand out. She built a reputation for her professionalism and unique style. Her modeling combined elegance with boldness, and she often spoke openly about wanting to succeed on her own terms—not just as a celebrity’s daughter.
Acting Career
Dylan Penn made her acting debut in 2015 with the horror-comedy Condemned. Although the film got mixed reviews, her performance stood out enough to earn her more roles.
In 2016, she appeared in Elvis & Nixon, a political drama starring Kevin Spacey and Michael Shannon. That role helped her gain more credibility as a serious actress.
Her biggest moment came in 2021 with Flag Day, a drama directed by her father, Sean Penn. Dylan played Jennifer Vogel, the daughter of a con artist—played by Sean himself. It was their first time acting together on screen.
Critics praised Dylan’s emotional depth in the film. Many noted how well she held her own alongside veteran actors, proving her talent and growth.
Since then, she has focused on independent films. Dylan often chooses darker, more complex roles, staying away from typical Hollywood blockbusters to build a career with substance.
Dylan Penn Net Worth, Awards, and Recognition
Dylan Penn is a rising star in Hollywood. While she hasn’t earned as many major awards as her famous parents, she’s already gained positive attention for her acting, especially in recent years.
In 2021, she won the Hollywood Rising-Star Award at the Deauville American Film Festival. This award honors new talents seen as the future of cinema. Past winners include Jessica Chastain, Ryan Gosling, Robert Pattinson, and Elle Fanning. Dylan received the award for her lead role in Flag Day.
Her performance in Flag Day also earned strong praise from critics. Many called her acting raw, powerful, and emotional. Some reviews described her as “outstanding” and said she held her own alongside her father, Sean Penn.
Dylan’s career is still growing. As she takes on more challenging roles, more awards and nominations will likely follow.
Sean Penn is more than just a Hollywood actor—he’s a two-time Academy Award winner, a passionate activist, and a respected director. With a career spanning over four decades, Penn has built both fame and fortune.
From iconic roles like Jeff Spicoli in Fast Times at Ridgemont High to his powerful performance in Milk, he has left a lasting mark on the film industry.
But how much is he really worth today? Here’s a closer look at Sean Penn’s net worth, career highlights, and how he spends his money.
In the 1980s and early 1990s, Sean Penn lived in Los Angeles. He owned homes in Malibu and the Hollywood Hills. But after dealing with fires and break-ins, he and his then-wife Robin Wright moved. [Photo: Courtesy]
What Is Sean Penn’s Net Worth?
Sean Penn is an American actor, director, and activist. He has a net worth of $70 million. His net worth used to be higher when he was married to actress Robin Wright. The two were married from 1996 to 2010 and have two children together.
During their divorce, Sean reportedly gave Robin a huge chunk of his wealth, possibly up to $50 million.
Sean began his film career with Taps in 1981. A year later, he played the surfer Jeff Spicoli in Fast Times at Ridgemont High, a role that made him popular early on.
Though known for that comedy role, Sean proved his talent in serious films. In 1995, he starred in Dead Man Walking as a death row inmate. That role earned him his first Oscar nomination for Best Actor.
He continued to impress critics with powerful performances in Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and I Am Sam (2001). These films helped cement his reputation as a skilled and intense actor.
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Sean Justin Penn was born on August 17, 1960, in Santa Monica, California. His father, Leo Penn, worked as an actor and director. His mother, Eileen Ryan, was also an actress.
Sean’s older brother, Michael Penn, became a musician. His younger brother, Chris Penn, also acted but sadly died in 2006.
He grew up in a secular home. His father’s side of the family was Jewish, while his mother’s side was Catholic.
He went to Santa Monica High School, where he became friends with Emilio Estevez and Charlie Sheen, who lived nearby.
Sean’s interest in film began early. He made short films with his friends as a teenager. His first real acting job came in 1974. He appeared as an extra on Little House on the Prairie, a show his father directed at the time.
Sean Penn’s Acting Career
Sean Penn began his film career in 1981 with Taps, playing a military school cadet. In 1982, he starred in the hit comedy Fast Times at Ridgemont High as the stoner surfer Jeff Spicoli. That role made “dude” a part of everyday American slang.
A year later, he took on a more serious role in Bad Boys (1983), playing troubled teen Mick O’Brien. That performance helped establish him as a serious actor.
Throughout the 1980s, Sean kept building his career. He acted in Racing with the Moon (1984), The Falcon and the Snowman (1985), and At Close Range (1986). He also starred opposite Madonna, his then-wife, in Shanghai Surprise (1985), though critics widely panned the film.
In the early 1990s, Penn stepped back from acting to focus on directing. He made his comeback in 1993 with a supporting role in Carlito’s Way, earning a Golden Globe nomination.
In 1995, he played a death row inmate in Dead Man Walking, receiving an Oscar nomination for Best Actor.
He received more Oscar nods for Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and I Am Sam (2001). In 2003, he finally won his first Academy Award for his role in the crime drama Mystic River.
In 2004, Penn starred in The Assassination of Richard Nixon and joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
His 2006 film All the King’s Men flopped, but he bounced back in 2008 with Milk. Playing gay rights icon Harvey Milk, Sean earned his second Academy Award for Best Actor.
He also appeared in several other notable films, including:
She’s So Lovely (1997)
The Game (1997)
Hurlyburly (1998)
Up at the Villa (2000)
The Weight of Water (2000)
It’s All About Love (2003)
21 Grams (2003)
The Interpreter (2005)
Fair Game (2010)
The Tree of Life (2011)
The Gunman (2015)
The Professor and the Madman (2019)
Sean also did voice work. He voiced Terence in The Angry Birds Movie (2016) and appeared in an episode of Family Guy the same year.
Directing and Other Business Ventures
Sean Penn made his directorial debut in 1991 with The Indian Runner. He went on to direct several music videos for stars like Shania Twain, Lyle Lovett, and Peter Gabriel.
He followed up his first film with The Crossing Guard in 1995, a thriller starring Jack Nicholson. In 2001, he directed the mystery drama The Pledge, again working with Nicholson.
One of his most praised projects was Into the Wild (2007), based on the true story of Christopher McCandless. The film earned two Golden Globe nominations and won Best Original Song. Penn also won Best Director from both the Broadcast Film Critics Association and the Directors Guild of America.
In 2016, his film The Last Face premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. Though reactions were mixed, critics generally respected his work as a director.
Outside film, Penn tried his hand at writing. In March 2018, Atria Books published his first novel, Bob Honey Who Just Do Stuff.
Real Estate
In the 1980s and early 1990s, Sean Penn lived in Los Angeles. He owned homes in Malibu and the Hollywood Hills. But after dealing with fires and break-ins, he and his then-wife Robin Wright moved.
In 1996, they bought a home in Ross, California, for $2.1 million. The property sat on 2.2 acres and was located right across from a police station in Marin County, about 30 minutes north of San Francisco. They renovated the home extensively.
When their marriage ended, they put the house up for sale in 2008 for $15 million. The timing was unlucky—right before the housing crash. In January 2010, they sold the property for $8 million.
After filing for divorce, Sean bought a new home in Malibu in May 2009 for $3.8 million. He listed it for sale in 2015 for $6.55 million. As of now, he still owns the Malibu property.
Personal Life
Sean Penn was once engaged to actress Elizabeth McGovern. In 1985, he met pop star Madonna, and they married that August. Their relationship was rocky. Madonna filed for divorce in 1987, withdrew it, then filed again in January 1989. The divorce was finalized soon after.
After the split, Sean started dating actress Robin Wright. They had two children together. In 1995, during a break from Wright, he briefly dated singer Jewel. He and Wright later reconciled and got married in April 1996.
Their marriage was also on-and-off, with several separations and reunions. They officially divorced in July 2010.
From 2013 to 2015, Sean dated actress Charlize Theron. In 2016, he began a relationship with actress Leila George.
Outside his acting career, Penn is known for his strong political views. He openly criticized President George W. Bush and often traveled abroad for political and humanitarian work. In 2005, he visited Iran as part of a reporting assignment for The San Francisco Chronicle.
Sean Penn’s Net Worth, Major Acting Awards, and Nominations
Sean Penn has earned widespread acclaim for both his acting and directing. Over the years, he has won some of the most prestigious awards in the film industry.
Academy Awards (Oscars)
Won Best Actor for Mystic River (2003)
Won Best Actor for Milk (2008)
Nominated Best Actor for Dead Man Walking (1995)
Nominated Best Actor for Sweet and Lowdown (1999)
Nominated Best Actor for I Am Sam (2001)
Golden Globe Awards
Won Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama for Mystic River (2003)
Nominated Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for Carlito’s Way (1993)
Nominated Best Actor – Drama for Dead Man Walking (1995)
Nominated Best Actor – Musical or Comedy for Sweet and Lowdown (1999)
Nominated Best Actor – Drama for Milk (2008)
Screen Actors Guild Awards (SAG Awards)
Won Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Milk (2008)
Nominated Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor for:
Dead Man Walking (1995)
I Am Sam (2001)
Mystic River (2003)
Nominated Outstanding Cast Performance for:
Mystic River (2003)
Milk (2008)
Film Festival Awards
Berlin Film Festival: Silver Bear for Best Actor – Dead Man Walking (1995)
Cannes Film Festival: Best Actor – She’s So Lovely (1997)
Venice Film Festival: Volpi Cup for Best Actor – Hurlyburly (1998) and 21 Grams (2003)
Other Notable Awards
Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor – Mystic River (2003), Milk (2008)
Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead – Dead Man Walking (1995), Hurlyburly (1998)
Directorial Accomplishments
Sean Penn has also gained recognition for his work as a film director. His most notable directorial works include:
The Indian Runner (1991)
The Crossing Guard (1995)
The Pledge (2001)
Into the Wild (2007) – This film received critical praise and earned him a Directors Guild of America nomination for Best Director.
New HIV-Aids infections in the country are on the rise mainly among the youths with efforts to reduce the numbers in the last four years failing mainly due to financial and behavioral changes.
According to the latest data from the National Syndemic Diseases Control Council (NSDCC), the government had planned to reduce HIV Aids related infections by 75 percent in the last four years.
The country however achieved 60 percent reduction with new infections mainly in ASAL counties on the rise with Mandera County recording a 156 percent increase.
This came as it emerged that the country was recording 6,000 new HIV cases among youths aged between 15-24 years every year amid a decline in donor funding.
In the joint annual programme review, HIV-Aids death between 2020 and 2024 reduced by a mere 2.5 percent against the targeted 50 percent.
The Kenya AIDS Strategic Framework Program Review evaluated HIV Impact Indicators and found out that only 43 counties reduced new infections, three achieved the set 75 percent reduction goal while Mandera saw a 156 percent increase.
But speaking during the launch of the programme review in Sawela Lodge Naivasha, the PS for Medical Services Dr Ouma Oluga noted that the country had made major strides in addressing the disease.
Oluga said that despite donor withdrawal, some counties like Siaya, Isiolo and Marsabit had recorded a drop in new infections.
He however expressed his concern over the new infections among those aged between 15-24 years noting that this spelt doom for the country in the coming years.
“We have seen an increase in new infections among youths aged between 15-24 years and this is the most productive age and its time we urgently addressed this,” he said.
The PS added that 69 percent of HIV burden was carried by ten counties adding that a rise in teenage pregnancies coupled with a rise in GBV cases had contributed to the high infections.
“We are recording over 200,000 cases of teenage pregnancies every year and with 50 percent of TB patients suffering from HIV Aids, this is a major health burden,” he said.
On her part, Nandi CEC for Health Angeline Kirui called for more funding towards training for those dealing with HIV Aids at the national and county levels.
“The donor funded programmes were effective as they had quality checks and their data collection was in a class of its own,” she said.
Busia Deputy Governor Arthur Odera noted that there was no investment in early childhood development, a move that was hampering the fight against various diseases.
Others who spoke were NSDCC board chairman Geoffrey Gitu who said that they were working closely with partners and counties in reducing HIV infections and deaths in the country.
Savitri Jindal, India’s richest woman, is more than just a billionaire. With a net worth of $27 billion, she stands as a powerful figure in both business and politics.
After the tragic death of her husband, O.P. Jindal, in 2005, she took charge of the Jindal empire, guiding her sons and helping the company’s revenue soar.
Beyond business, she’s served as a state minister and remains a strong voice in public service. Her story is one of resilience, leadership, and legacy.
In this article, we explore how Savitri Jindal built her fortune and the impact she continues to make.
In 2005, she won a seat in the Haryana Vidhan Sabha, representing the Hisar constituency—once held by her late husband. She was re-elected in 2009. [Photo: Courtesy]
Savitri Jindal Net Worth
Savitri Jindal is a steel business leader from India with a net worth of \$27 billion. She is the richest woman in India and one of the wealthiest people in the world.
She leads the Maharaja Agrasen Medical College as its president and is also active in politics. In 2005, she won a seat in the Haryana Vidhan Sabha, India’s state legislative assembly, as a member of the Indian National Congress (INC).
After her husband, O.P. Jindal, died in a helicopter crash in 2005, she took over control of the O.P. Jindal Group.
Early Life
Savitri Jindal was born on March 20, 1940, in Tinsukia, Assam, India. She came from a Hindu Marwari family with roots in Rajasthan.
In the 1970s, she met and married Om Prakash Jindal, known as O.P. Jindal. He built several successful companies, including Jindal Steel and Power, JSW Group, and Jindal Stainless Limited, all under the Jindal Organization.
Savitri played an active role in her husband’s business ventures. She had a sharp business mind and was deeply involved in key decisions. When O.P. Jindal died in a helicopter crash in March 2005, she was ready to take charge of the family empire.
Career
After her husband’s death, Savitri Jindal stepped in as chairperson of the O.P. Jindal Group. The company’s businesses were divided among their four sons, but she played a guiding role.
She advised her sons and made sure each part of the business ran well. Under her leadership, the company’s revenue grew fourfold.
Over time, she became one of the richest people in India. The group, which covers steel, power, mining, oil, and gas, has stayed strong and profitable under her sons’ leadership. Savitri Jindal also built a strong political career.
In 2005, she won a seat in the Haryana Vidhan Sabha, representing the Hisar constituency—once held by her late husband. She was re-elected in 2009.
In 2013, she joined the Haryana cabinet as Minister of State. She handled departments like Revenue and Disaster Management, Consolidation, Rehabilitation and Housing, and Urban Local Bodies.
That same year, she became the Minister for Urban Local Bodies. Her appointment was praised for boosting the number of women in the state cabinet. Her experience in politics made her a solid and respected choice.
In addition to business and politics, she serves as president of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College. Her husband founded the school in 1994 in Agroha, Haryana.
It is recognized by the Medical Council of India. Savitri Jindal was re-elected as the college’s president in recent years.
Personal Life
Savitri Jindal married O.P. Jindal in the 1970s, though the exact date remains unknown. The couple had nine children—four sons and five daughters.
After O.P. Jindal’s death in 2005, their four sons each took control of different parts of the O.P. Jindal Group.
Bobby Jindal, once a rising star in American politics, built his reputation on bold reforms and sharp policy skills.
From his groundbreaking role as the first Indian-American governor to a brief run for the presidency, Jindal’s journey has been marked by highs and lows.
Beyond politics, he’s also an author and public speaker. But how much is he worth after decades in public service and national attention?
In this article, we break down Bobby Jindal’s net worth, his career milestones, and what’s shaped his financial and political legacy.
After finishing his studies at Oxford, Bobby Jindal quickly joined public service. In his early twenties, he became Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. There, he earned national praise for fixing the state’s troubled Medicaid system. [Photo: Courtesy]
Bobby Jindal Net Worth
Bobby Jindal is an American politician, author, and former governor of Louisiana with a net worth of \$5 million.
He gained national attention in the early 2000s as one of the Republican Party’s rising stars. Born to Indian immigrants, Jindal quickly built a name for himself as a policy expert focused on reform. He held several roles in health and education before winning a seat in Congress.
In 2007, he became governor of Louisiana and made history as the first Indian-American governor in the U.S. Many saw him as a future presidential candidate.
But his popularity faded. His second term as governor was unpopular, and his 2016 presidential run failed to impress.
Jindal’s career tells a story of early promise, quick rise, and a mixed political legacy.
Early Life and Education
Piyush “Bobby” Jindal was born on June 10, 1971, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. His parents had just moved to the U.S. from India. As a child, he started calling himself “Bobby” after a character from The Brady Bunch.
Jindal stood out in school. He graduated from Baton Rouge Magnet High School, then attended Brown University. There, he studied biology and public policy.
Later, he earned a Rhodes Scholarship and went to the University of Oxford. He completed a master’s degree in political science.
His strong academic background helped shape his political path. It gave him a reputation as a policy expert focused on reform.
Career Beginnings
After finishing his studies at Oxford, Bobby Jindal quickly joined public service. In his early twenties, he became Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. There, he earned national praise for fixing the state’s troubled Medicaid system.
His success in health care caught attention in Washington. He became executive director of the National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare.
Later, he took a senior role at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under President George W. Bush.
In 2004, Jindal ran for Congress and won a seat representing Louisiana’s 1st District. In the U.S. House, he stood out as a young Republican leader. He focused on fiscal discipline, healthcare reform, and improving education.
Gubernatorial Tenure
In 2007, Bobby Jindal ran for governor of Louisiana and won by a wide margin. He became the youngest governor in the U.S. at the time and the first Indian-American to hold such a position.
His first term went well. He pushed through ethics reforms, led hurricane recovery efforts, and worked to grow the state’s economy. His approval ratings soared, and in 2011, he won re-election easily with over two-thirds of the vote.
But his second term was much tougher. Critics blamed him for deep cuts to healthcare and higher education. Many felt he spent too much time trying to build a national image and not enough on solving state problems.
By the end of his time in office, Louisiana faced major budget shortfalls, and Jindal’s popularity had dropped sharply.
2016 Presidential Ambitions
In 2015, Bobby Jindal entered the race for the Republican presidential nomination. Once seen as a rising star in the GOP, he struggled to stand out in a crowded field led by outsiders like Donald Trump.
Jindal’s campaign focused on conservative social values, strict immigration policies, and cutting government size. But it failed to gain support or media coverage.
In November 2015, he dropped out of the race before any primary votes were cast.
His failed presidential bid marked a turning point. It ended his rise in national politics and left his political future uncertain.
Personal Life
Bobby Jindal has been married to Supriya Jolly since 1997. They have three children: Selia, Shaan, and Slade.
Jindal is a devout Catholic. He converted from Hinduism to Christianity as a teenager, a decision he often says changed his life. His faith has been a key part of both his personal values and political beliefs.
Outside of politics, Jindal has written several books. One of them, Leadership and Crisis, is a memoir where he shares his views on leadership and lessons from his time in office.
Legacy and Net Worth of Bobby Jindal
Bobby Jindal’s legacy is mixed. He was once seen as a bold reformer and a future national leader, but his political rise stalled after unpopular decisions and a failed run for president.
Still, he made history as the first Indian-American governor in the U.S. His early efforts to reform Louisiana’s government and healthcare system earned wide praise.
Jindal’s journey is both inspiring and cautionary. It shows how an immigrant’s child can rise to high office, but also how hard it is to turn state success into lasting national power.
Landmark ruling emphasizes joint parental responsibility in naming children, citing cultural norms and psychological implications
NAIROBI, Kenya – A Kenyan High Court has issued a precedent-setting ruling that both parents must jointly agree on their child’s name, with neither parent having the unilateral right to make this decision without the other’s consent.
Justice Hillary Chemitei delivered the landmark judgment in a case involving a couple identified as CKM and SW, who married in December 2012 and have five children together.
The dispute arose when the mother registered their youngest daughter’s birth in April 2024 with names the father had not agreed to, prompting him to seek legal redress.
The Legal Dispute
The father, CKM, moved to court in August 2024, arguing that his wife had infringed upon his parental rights by choosing names without his involvement.
SW had selected a feminine name of Japanese origin combined with two Kikuyu names for their daughter.
In contrast, the father preferred a French feminine name, a saint’s name, and a third name honoring his father – consistent with the naming tradition established for their other children.
“The father bore all medical costs related to the child’s birth and feared the birth certificate would be issued without acknowledging his father’s name, breaking family tradition,” court documents revealed.
The Ruling and Its Implications
Justice Chemitei ruled decisively in favor of the father, establishing that both parents share equal rights and duties in naming their child.
“The issue of names and naming is a right generally bestowed upon the parents,” the judge stated. “It is a right which cannot be derogated or transferred to any third party unless otherwise shown.”
The court emphasized that while the mother is the biological parent, this does not grant her exclusive authority over naming decisions.
Justice Chemitei observed that excluding one parent from the naming process could have psychological consequences for the child, either immediately or later in life.
Cultural and Social Context
The ruling drew heavily on African cultural norms to support its decision. Citing African cultural norms, the judge noted that unless shown to be repugnant, naming is traditionally a joint parental responsibility and should be respected.
The precedent-setting decision emphasized the importance of collaboration in the naming of children, especially with modern parenting dynamics, inter-racial unions, and the rise of single-parent households.
Court Orders and Implementation
Justice Chemitei ordered the couple to reach an agreement on their child’s name within 30 days. Should they fail to do so, the father would have the final decision-making authority.
The Registrar of Births and Deaths was directed to implement whatever outcome the parents reached or, failing that, the father’s choice.
The father had sought a court order directing the Registrar of Births and Deaths to remove the names given by his wife and replace them with names agreed upon by both parents.
Broader Legal Implications
The High Court ruling has sparked debate among Kenyans over parental rights, responsibilities, and cultural norms.
The decision establishes important legal precedent for similar cases involving parental disagreements over fundamental child-rearing decisions.
The ruling reinforces the principle that parental rights and responsibilities are shared equally between both parents, regardless of which parent has primary physical custody or bore the child. It also underscores the court’s recognition of cultural traditions and their importance in family decision-making processes.
Modern Parenting Challenges
The case highlights the complexities of modern parenting, particularly in situations involving:
Inter-racial or inter-cultural marriages where different naming traditions may conflict
Situations where parents have different religious or cultural backgrounds
The need for legal clarity on shared parental responsibilities
The judgment serves as a reminder that fundamental decisions about a child’s identity, including their name, require mutual consent and collaboration between parents, reflecting the joint nature of parental responsibility under Kenyan law.
This ruling is expected to influence future cases involving parental disputes over child-rearing decisions and reinforces the legal principle that both parents have equal rights and responsibilities in matters concerning their children’s welfare and identity.
Nairobi, Kenya – Sometimes the most extraordinary victories emerge from the deepest valleys of defeat. Sharon Atieno’s story is one such testament to the transformative power of resilience, second chances, and unwavering determination.
Today, Sharon Atieno stands as an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya—a title earned not just through academic achievement, but through a journey that would have broken many others.
Her path from public humiliation to professional triumph serves as a beacon of hope for anyone who has ever felt their dreams slipping away.
When dreams meet reality
In 2023, Sharon’s world came crashing down.
Despite her natural legal brilliance and proven ability to win cases, she was arrested and publicly branded a “fake lawyer” by the Law Society of Kenya.
The humiliation was complete, her reputation seemingly shattered.
For many, this would have been the end of the story—a cautionary tale about ambition exceeding credentials.
But Sharon’s story was just beginning.
Her innate legal talent hadn’t gone unnoticed. Even in her darkest hour, her brilliance shone through the controversy, catching the attention of Mike Sonko, the philanthropist and former Nairobi Governor known for seeing potential where others see only problems.
The power of believing in someone
What happened next changed everything. Where society saw a scandal, Sonko saw possibility. Where others saw failure, he saw a diamond waiting to be polished.
His decision to sponsor Sharon’s legal education wasn’t just an act of charity—it was an investment in human potential.
Mike Sonko celebrating with Sharon on her admission to the bar on Friday.
“Today, I stand proud and humbled that Sharon Atieno has officially graduated and been admitted as an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya,” Sonko shared triumphantly on May 23, 2025. His words carried the weight of vindication, not just for Sharon, but for everyone who believes in the power of second chances.
Rising above the storm
Sharon’s journey through law school was far from easy.
She carried the weight of public scrutiny, battled self-doubt, and navigated the competitive legal landscape during challenging times.
The legal profession itself had been grappling with issues of authenticity and mental health challenges, making her path even more daunting.
Yet with each obstacle, Sharon grew stronger.
Her perseverance became her greatest asset, transforming yesterday’s controversy into today’s credibility.
She didn’t just survive the storm—she learned to dance in the rain.
A testament to transformation
Sharon with MP Babu Owino who was also admitted to the bar on Friday.
Sharon’s admission to the bar represents more than personal achievement; it embodies the profound truth that our lowest moments can become the foundation for our greatest victories.
Her story challenges us to reconsider what we think we know about failure, redemption, and the incredible capacity of the human spirit to rise.
In a world quick to judge and slow to forgive, Sharon and Mike Sonko’s partnership reminds us that sometimes the greatest gift we can give someone is not just financial support, but the belief that they can become more than their mistakes.
Gratitude in victory
Today, as Advocate Sharon Atieno begins her legal career, her gratitude runs as deep as her determination. “Thank you once again for your generosity and support Mike Sonko,” she shared. “I am truly humbled and grateful. May our good Lord in heaven continue blessing you abundantly beyond measure.”
Her words reflect not just personal appreciation, but recognition of a truth that transcends individual success: we rise highest when we lift each other up.
Sharon Atieno’s story is far from over—in many ways, it’s just beginning.
As she steps into her role as an Advocate of the High Court, she carries with her the hopes of everyone who has ever been counted out, written off, or told their dreams were impossible.
Her journey reminds us that setbacks are not permanent, that public opinion is not prophecy, and that with the right support and unshakeable determination, we can rewrite even the most discouraging narratives of our lives.
In Sharon Atieno, we see proof that sometimes our greatest victories come not in spite of our struggles, but because of them. Her story stands as an enduring reminder that it’s never too late to become who you were meant to be.
The young woman who was once humiliated is now an advocate for justice.
The dream that was nearly destroyed has become a reality that inspires thousands. And the helping hand extended by Mike Sonko has created ripples that will touch countless lives for years to come.
This is more than a success story—it’s a masterclass in resilience, a celebration of second chances, and a powerful reminder that our darkest chapters can become the prologue to our brightest victories.
A controversial cosmetic procedure is quietly gaining traction among Kenyan women, sparking debate about the intersection of medical treatment and aesthetic enhancement.
Vaginal Botox injections of neurotoxins into pelvic floor muscles or vaginal walls is being marketed as both a solution to sexual health issues and a way to enhance intimate experiences.
The procedure, which involves the same botulinum toxin used in facial treatments, aims to relax vaginal muscles that cause pain during penetration.
For some women, this represents a medical breakthrough; for others, it raises serious questions about unnecessary intervention in women’s bodies.
Dr. Fahad Usman, a regenerative and aesthetic dermatologist who recently visited Kenya to train local physicians, champions the procedure as “a necessity for women who are suffering silently.”
He argues that sexual discomfort can trigger mental health issues, relationship stress, and depression, positioning vaginal Botox as a marriage-saving intervention.
“Many women experience pain during penetration—a condition that causes fear, avoidance of intimacy, and ultimately strains marriages,” Dr. Usman explained during his recent visit to educate Kenyan doctors about cosmetic procedures.
Dr. Francis Were, a consultant cosmetic gynecologist in Kenya, describes the treatment process: patients receive injections in theater, followed by the insertion of dilators and a home regimen using silicone devices to gradually stretch and relax muscles.
The procedure costs between Sh150,000 to Sh200,000, with Botox alone costing Sh60,000.
A growing resistance from medical professionals
However, not all medical professionals are convinced. Dr. Maureen Owiti, a gynecologist, warns against the trend, emphasizing the vagina’s role as a “self-regulating organ with a delicate internal environment.”
“The vaginal flora is essential to a woman’s health. Introducing substances like Botox may sound trendy, but it can disrupt the natural balance and lead to complications,” Dr. Owiti cautioned.
“Unless there’s a solid medical reason, I strongly discourage inserting anything into the vagina.”
Her concerns are well-founded. When administered improperly, vaginal Botox can cause severe complications including unintended muscle paralysis, urinary incontinence, constipation, rectal pain, and infection risk.
The procedure’s temporary nature—lasting approximately three months also means repeated treatments for sustained effects.
This trend reflects a troubling pattern of medicalizing women’s sexual experiences and bodies.
While legitimate medical conditions like vaginismus—involuntary tightening of vaginal muscles—may benefit from such treatments, the marketing of vaginal Botox as a routine enhancement raises ethical questions.
The procedure’s high cost also highlights accessibility issues.
At up to Sh200,000, it remains available only to wealthy Kenyans, potentially creating a two-tiered system of sexual healthcare where enhanced intimate experiences become privileges of economic status.
Furthermore, the emphasis on making sex “painless” and “enhanced” through medical intervention may inadvertently shame women experiencing natural variations in comfort levels, potentially pathologizing normal sexual experiences that could be addressed through communication, lubrication, or gradual accommodation.
While some women may genuinely benefit from vaginal Botox for specific medical conditions, its promotion as a routine enhancement procedure deserves scrutiny.
The lack of long-term studies on repeated vaginal Botox use, combined with the potential for serious complications, suggests a need for more conservative approaches.
Medical professionals should prioritize comprehensive sexual health education, counseling, and less invasive treatments before recommending such procedures. Women considering vaginal Botox should seek multiple medical opinions and thoroughly understand both the risks and alternatives.
As this trend gains momentum in Kenya’s cosmetic medicine sector, regulatory oversight and professional guidelines become increasingly important to protect women from unnecessary procedures marketed as solutions to manufactured problems.
The question remains: Are we addressing genuine medical needs, or are we creating new insecurities around women’s bodies that require expensive fixe?
The answer may determine whether this trend represents medical progress or a concerning step backward in women’s healthcare autonomy.
Governor Nassir orders two-day closure following meteorological warning of dangerous weather conditions
Mombasa’s public beaches remain off-limits today as authorities implement emergency safety measures following severe weather warnings from the Kenya Meteorological Department.
Governor Abdulswamad Sheriff Nassir announced the unprecedented closure yesterday evening, affecting all public beaches in the coastal county for Saturday and Sunday, with the possibility of extending the restriction through Monday if conditions don’t improve.
The decision came after Mombasa’s Disaster Preparedness Committee convened an emergency meeting in response to Met Department alerts warning of strong winds and dangerous ocean waves reaching heights of up to 2.5 meters along the coast.
“We’ve resolved to close public beaches for two days, suspend ocean activities, and halt all construction work for public safety. Daily updates will be shared,” Governor Nassir stated during a media briefing on Friday.
Severe weather alert
The Kenya Meteorological Department issued its advisory Friday, warning residents across 15 counties—including the entire coastal region—to prepare for destructive wind conditions over the next three days.
Wind speeds, which began Friday at over 30 knots (15.4 m/s), are expected to intensify significantly today, reaching more than 35 knots (18.0 m/s) before gradually subsiding to 25 knots by Monday.
The affected areas extend beyond the coast to include southeastern lowlands and northwestern regions, with counties such as Marsabit, Turkana, Samburu, Isiolo, Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, Kitui, Makueni, and Taita Taveta all under the weather warning.
Governor Nassir confirmed that all fishermen have been notified of the restrictions, while construction activities have been suspended to prevent weather-related accidents.
The Kenya Wildlife Service has been enlisted to help enforce the beach closures, ensuring no unauthorized access to dangerous coastal areas during the severe weather period.
Coastal counties Tana River, Kwale, and Kilifi face similar warnings about large ocean waves, though Mombasa appears to be taking the most proactive approach with its complete beach closure.
The closure marks the first time many residents can recall beaches being shuttered due to weather conditions, with some social media users expressing surprise at the unprecedented measure while others praised the governor’s cautious approach to public safety.
Local officials emphasize that the restrictions will be evaluated daily, with the possibility of reopening beaches Monday if meteorological conditions improve sufficiently.
SHOCKING FAILURE RATES RAISE QUESTIONS ABOUT QUALITY CONTROL
Alarming new evidence suggests Kenya’s contraceptive market may be compromised by ineffective or counterfeit products, as startling failure rates emerge from recent research.
One in three women using emergency contraceptive pills or injectable contraceptives still becomes pregnant, according to a groundbreaking study by the Africa Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC).
The research, titled “Incidence of Induced Abortions and the Severity of Abortion-related Complications in Kenya,” reveals that 35 percent of women using emergency contraceptive pills experienced pregnancy despite protection, while 31 percent of those using injectable contraceptives faced similar failures.
“These failure rates far exceed what would be expected with proper quality control and correct usage,” said an independent reproductive health expert who requested anonymity due to the sensitivity of the findings. “Such high failure rates suggest either widespread misuse, poor storage conditions, or potentially counterfeit products entering the supply chain.”
CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE IN CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPLY
The research findings come amid growing concerns about Kenya’s pharmaceutical supply chains and quality assurance measures.
With nearly 1.5 million unintended pregnancies recorded in 2023 alone, the report highlights a crisis of confidence in family planning methods that has pushed almost 800,000 women to seek abortions.
Kenneth Juma, a senior research officer at APHRC and study project lead, notes that while stigma plays a role in contraception access, the widespread failures even among those actively using protection point to deeper systemic issues.
“Beyond social barriers, we’re seeing concerning patterns that suggest the quality of available contraceptives may not meet established standards,” Juma explained. “The government needs urgent action not just on education and access, but on ensuring product integrity throughout the supply chain.”
HEALTH FEARS DRIVING CONTRACEPTIVE REJECTION
The study reveals another troubling dimension: 42 percent of women not using contraception cited fear of side effects, future pregnancy complications, or other health concerns as their primary reason. These fears appear increasingly justified as failure rates climb.
“Many women saying they oppose contraception citing health complications may be responding to real experiences of product failure or adverse effects from substandard products,” said Margaret Giorgio, a research scientist at Guttmacher Institute involved in the study.
Health officials have been reluctant to publicly acknowledge potential quality control issues, instead focusing on expanding access. “Investing in access to effective family planning and contraception would generate critical gains,” said Dr. Patrick Amoth, Health Director General, while not directly addressing the failure rate concerns.
URBAN CENTERS MOST AFFECTED
The investigation shows abortion rates—often a direct consequence of contraceptive failure—were highest in Nairobi and Central regions (78.3 per 1,000 women), suggesting urban distribution networks may be particularly vulnerable to compromised products.
The APHRC study, conducted between April 2023 and May 2024, interviewed 2,022 women from Nairobi, Kisumu, Mombasa, and Nakuru counties.
Contrary to common assumptions, married women aged 25-34 who already had children represented the largest demographic affected by contraceptive failures.
CALLS FOR IMMEDIATE INVESTIGATION
Health advocates are demanding an immediate investigation into Kenya’s contraceptive supply chain, including quality testing of products currently in circulation.
“With over a third of women experiencing failure with emergency contraceptives and injectables, we cannot rule out the possibility of counterfeit or substandard products,” said a representative from a leading reproductive health organization. “Every woman deserves reliability when it comes to family planning methods.”
A comprehensive new study has challenged longstanding perceptions about abortion in Kenya, revealing that married, educated women who already have children now represent the majority of those seeking abortion services.
The report, “Incidence of Induced Abortions and the Severity of Abortion-related Complications in Kenya,” released on May 2, 2025, found that nearly 800,000 Kenyan women obtained an abortion in 2023, with 58% of them being married women.
Key Findings
The research, conducted by the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) and Guttmacher Institute between April 2023 and May 2024, surveyed 2,022 women and revealed several surprising trends:
– 58% of women who had abortions were married, with 32% having already given birth to two or three children
– Women aged 25-34 represented the largest demographic group, contradicting assumptions that abortion primarily affects younger, unmarried women
– Regional disparities were significant, with Nairobi and Central regions showing the highest abortion rates (78.3 per 1,000 women of reproductive age)
– 61.8% of women used medication abortion methods, while 27% employed traditional methods
– 66% of women were not using contraceptives when they became pregnant, with 42% citing fear of side effects as their reason for non-use
Unintended Pregnancies Driving Numbers
The study identified unintended pregnancies as a major factor, with an estimated 1.43 million unintended pregnancies in Kenya during 2023 – a rate of 103.8 per 1,000 women of reproductive age. Over half of these unintended pregnancies ended in abortion.
“Many women said they aborted as they were not ready to get a child at the time they got pregnant,” explained Margaret Giorgio, Research Scientist at Guttmacher.
Healthcare System Challenges
The findings highlight significant gaps in Kenya’s healthcare infrastructure for post-abortion care. Kenneth Juma, Senior Research Officer at APHRC and Project Lead, noted that only 18% of level two and three facilities can provide post-abortion care services.
“Health centres and dispensaries need to be well equipped to be able to take care of post-abortion cases. We also need to improve the capacity of the referral hospitals,” Juma stated.
While 92% of post-abortion care patients received family planning counseling, over half (56%) left healthcare facilities without adopting a contraceptive method.
Dr. Patrick Amoth, Director General of Health, acknowledged that unsafe abortion remains a significant public health challenge in Kenya. He highlighted government efforts to address the issue through improved contraceptive access, clinical guidelines, and healthcare provider training.
“The government has invested in multiple interventions to prevent unsafe abortions and their health consequences,” Dr. Amoth said, while noting that more comprehensive data is still needed.
Progress and Remaining Challenges
Compared to a similar study conducted in 2012, the abortion incidence ratio has increased from 30 to 48 per 100 live births. However, researchers noted a positive trend in the reduction of severe complications related to abortion procedures.
“The proportion of women with more severe complications has reduced significantly,” said Yohannes Wado, Research Scientist at APHRC. “One possible explanation is that access to post-abortion care services in Kenya has increased over the past decade.”
Researchers emphasized the need for community education on contraception and reduction of stigma, particularly for young women seeking reproductive healthcare services.
As Kenya continues to address these challenges, the study’s findings underscore the complexity of abortion decisions and the importance of comprehensive reproductive healthcare that addresses the needs of all women, regardless of age, marital status, or education level.
Have you been cohabiting with your man or woman for a considerable period with no desire, wish or intention to be within the confines of matrimony? The Supreme Court has bad news for you.
In a precedent-setting decision that may have far-reaching consequences for couples who had pegged their hope on long cohabitation as proof of marriage, the apex court has ruled that this may end in premium tears if no evidence is provided to support the presumption of marriage.
Supreme Court judges Philomena Mwilu, Smokin Wanjala, Njoki Ndungu, Isaac Lenaola and William Ouko have warned that the doctrine of presumption of marriage is on its deathbed following changes to the matrimonial laws in Kenya.
The court said the presumption of marriage should only be used sparingly where there is cogent evidence to support it.
“It is becoming increasingly common for two consenting adults to live together for long durations where these two adults have neither the desire, wish nor intended to be within the confines of matrimony,” they said.
They went on: “Where such a situation is evident and there is no intention whatsoever of contracting a marriage, the presumption of marriage must never be made where this intention does not exist. It must always be remembered that marriage is a voluntary union. As such, courts should shy away from imposing ‘marriage’ on unwilling persons.”
No intention of marriage
The judges said they recognise that there exist relationships where couples cohabit with no intention whatsoever of contracting a marriage.
“In such contexts, such couples may choose to have an interdependent relationship outside marriage. While some may find this amoral or incredible, it is a reality of the times we live in today,” they said.
For instance, the court observed that a person may have been in a marriage before and the marriage is no more due to the death of a spouse or divorce and due to their prior experiences, such persons may choose to have an interdependent relationship outside of marriage.
For others, the judges said, it may just be their desire never to marry but have a partner without the confines of marriage.
“The pervasiveness of having interdependent relationships outside marriage over the past few decades means that no inferences about marital status can be drawn from living under the same roof,” they added.
Enact law
The judges urged the National Assembly, the Senate and the Attorney-General to formulate and enact Statute law that deals with cohabitees in long-term relationships, their rights, and obligations. This ruling stems from a dispute between two long cohabitees who were fighting for an equal share of a property that they jointly acquired.
The case was first instituted by the man against the woman whom he claimed to be his wife.
His arguments were that they began cohabiting as husband and wife sometime in 1986 and that from joint savings, they purchased a property that later became the bone of contention after he was evicted from it.
The man explained that the property was registered in the woman’s name because its owner was not comfortable selling the property to him because he was not from the seller’s tribe.
“The property was registered in the woman’s name although we had both contributed to its acquisition,” he said, adding that they took possession of the property between 1992 and 1993.
They, thereafter, developed and constructed rooms thereon, one of which they used as their matrimonial home, and rented out the others.
“I did the legwork relating to the connection of electricity, sewerage, and water to the premises. I also operated a bar from the premises,” he said.
The man claimed despite his contribution towards the acquisition and development of the property, the woman evicted him from their matrimonial home in 2011.
At the time, he said, the rentals fetched Sh258,100 per month.
In response, the woman rejected all the man’s claims and denied his involvement in the purchase of the suit property.
“I allowed him to manage the suit property because we were friends,” she said.
Customary law
According to her, she was already married under customary law to one KM, now deceased, and although they were separated, she never divorced him.
“Therefore, I did not have the capacity to contract another marriage while my first marriage was still subsisting,” she said.
She also claimed that after KM died in 2011, the man intensified harassment to coerce her into marriage, prompting her to file a civil suit to restrain the man from trespassing on her properties.
After listening to the parties, the High Court dismissed the man’s case after finding that although there was long cohabitation between the parties, the principle of presumption of marriage was inapplicable since the woman was already married to KM.
The High Court held that the woman did not have the capacity to marry the man, noting that the relationship between the parties was adulterous and the resulting cohabitation could not be deemed a marriage.
Challenged ruling
Dissatisfied with the judgment of the High Court, the man moved to the Court of Appeal (CoA) to challenge it.
The CoA presumed the existence of a marriage allowed the appeal and ordered the suit property to be divided into two halves, a share for each party.
Dissatisfied with the finding of the CoA, the woman moved to the Supreme Court, where she sought a number of prayers, including a declaration that the common law doctrine of presumption of marriage has no application in Kenya.
She also sought a declaration that the presumption of marriage is no longer a concept which is beneficial to the institution of marriage, to the status of the parties and to the issue of their union, calling for the setting aside of CoA’s ruling.
She reiterated her earlier arguments that the man was a friend and that she was not capable of contracting another marriage.
“Mere cohabitation without any evidence on capacity, consent, and intention to marry is not enough to establish a marriage by presumption, especially in a situation where one party is denying consent, capacity, and intention to marry,” she said.
The man also stood his ground, submitting that the appellate judges appreciated the existence of a presumption of marriage and urged the apex court to uphold the CoA findings.
In its judgment, the Supreme Court agreed with the woman that she was not capable of entering into another marriage with the man, thus the presumption of marriage could not be made in that circumstance.
“The respondent, having claimed that he was married to the appellant, ought to have adduced cogent evidence to prove the marriage. On analysis and guided by the record, we are unconvinced that the appellant (woman) had the capacity to contract a marriage with the respondent (man),” they said.
In his own testimony, the man admitted he had a first wife and the appellant was allegedly his second wife but had not paid dowry for her.
“We are, therefore, not convinced that his cohabitation with the appellant was sufficient to prove his marriage to the appellant,” the court concluded.
Despite finding that their relationship could not be presumed as a marriage, the court ordered that the two share the contentious property on a 70:30 basis.
“Both parties having a beneficial interest in the property, the share is 70 per cent for the appellant and 30 per cent for the respondent,” said the judges.
